§Ú¦Ó®a¨³BÅã®|§ø¥~³ò¬J¤@Ó¦a½L(Åã¥Ðªa¦À¹ï±, 弤õ¨®¸g¹L·|¨£±o¨ì), ©OÓsite «Y¥Î¾¤°_¤@Ó´¶³q¬J°ª¼h¦í¦v, o«Y¬F©²§ï§¹¤S§ïo¬J©Ð«Î¬Fµ¦¤U, ´£¨Ñ¤@Ó¥i¯²¥i¶Ro¬J¤½¦@©Ð«Î, ¦Ü©ó¸Ô²Ó±¡ªp§Ú³£ø«Y¦n²M·¡ ^_^"¡C
Part A. Introduction of Piling System («¢«¢«¢...«Y«}ø¦ü§Ú¬J§@·©O... ¥Îd ËÝFormal ¬J¦r²´¦Pformat... ËÝ¥ýÅã±o§Ú«Y¤@өǤH)
ËÝ°_¼Ó´N±ð«Yn¥´¼Î¬[°Õ, ø¥´¼ÎªGd ·¥¨ä¶q¥u¥i¥H¥s°µ«Î(§A¸Ü§Ú¸Üo¬J), ¼Îo¬J¥Î°£¤@½L¾¤Á¿¨ì«Y provide Ó vertical reaction, µ¥¼l¼Ó¥i¥H sit on a permanent foundation¡C¦Óo«Ydesign Pile o¬J®ÉÔ, ¥Dn´Nn¦Ò¼{¤TÓ¦]¯À, I. Reaction °÷ø°÷¤j; II. Ó settlement ·|ø·|¤Ó«l; III. ¹ï¹jÂ÷d ³¥¦³«§¼vÅT¡C©Od criteria ´NnÚ»¤U°µGeotech ªGÃäÓEngineer °µ site inspection (Rock Sample) o¬J¥\¤O³â, ¦]¬°¤U±´X²`¨ì¥Û¼h¡B¥Û¼h¦³´Xµw¡Bd ªd«Y«§Ãþ«¬, ¦P®I properties¡Bªd¼h¤¤¦³µLBorder µ¥µ¥o¬J¸ê®Æ, ¹ï©ó§Ú¦ao¬J design ³£°_¥ªÁ|¨¬»´«¬J§@¥Î¬[ (§Y«Yd ºu¸¨¾¤¬J¥ÛÀY, ¦A¤ñd ªdÂл\¦í, ©Od Border ¹ï Piling ³£¦n¤j¼vÅT¬[, ¤@°}·|¦AÁ¿)¡C
I. Provide Reaction (¨ä¹ê¥i¥H¥s°µResistance to vertical force) ¦³¤TºØ¤èªk, ¤@ºØ´N«Y by soil skin friction, ²Ä¤GºØ´N«Y by end bearing, (fig.1) ²Ä¤TºØ´N«Y by soil passive pressure
a. Soil skin friction ¤ñ¨ì§Ao¬J´N«YÊ\©å¦í§AªG«×¤O, ©OÓ force «Y¾¤¦Û pile surface ¦Psoil ¤§¶¡¬J shear force, ±¡ªp´NÃþ¦ü¥Î°v°v¤J¤ìªOªG«×ËÝ
b. End bearing ´N«Y±øpile ©³³¡¦P¥Û¶ô/ªd±µÄ²±©Ò provide o¬J normal reaction, ±¡ªp´NÃþ¦ü§A¥øo«Y¦a±
c. Soil passive pressure, ©OÓ¤@¯ë«Y¥Î§@ resist Ó lateral earth pressure o¬J, ¦]¬°¦pªG§A°µ excavation ¬J®ÉÔ, °¼Ãäd ªd´N·| lum ¸¨¾¤, §A´N»Ýn¥ÎSheet Pile (¥´Sheet pile o¬J®ÉÔ, ´N·|±N©OÓ vibrator »é¤WÓÂûÀY«×, ¾_±øpile ¤J¦a©³) ¾¤¾×µf¦íÊ\, ¨ü¤Oo¬J±¡ªp´NÃþ¦ü§A±N§â¶¡¤Ø´¡¤Jd ªdùر, µM«á¥´¾îËÝ·þ¤ä¶¡¤ØÓÀY, ¶¡¤Ø¤Jªd¬J³¡¥÷, ªd¤g¨üÀ£ªG¤@±´N·| provide Ó soil passive pressure ¤ñ§A³â¡C
¸Ô±¡¤S¥i¥H°Ñ¦Ò¤Ud Á¿ foundation o¬J®Ñ (§Úo«Y©Ð¸pÉ¥ª¥»´X¦n¬J®Ñ, ®Ñ¦W: Structural Foundation Designer's Manual, ¥Xª©: Curtins Consulting Engineers, §@ªÌ: W. G. Curtins, G. Shaw, G. I. Parkinson, J. M. Golding)¡C
II. Settlement ´N«Yd ªdo«Y¨ü¨ìÀ£¤O¤§¤U, ¶i¦æ consolidation, ËÝ´N·|À£«ó¥ª, ±¡ªpÃþ¦ü§A±N¤@³J¿|(¤â¸T)«ó¥ª¡C·s»D¦¨¤é³ø¾É"¨I°" ´N«Y©OÓ±¡ªp, ¨ä¹ê¦pªG¥Îè¤~´£¤ÎªGºØ "Provide Reaction by Soil Skin Friction" o¬J¤èªk, settlement ©O¼Ë³¥«YµL¥iÁקKo¬J, ¥unÓ Engineer o«Ydesign ±øpile ¬J®ÉÔ, ¦Ò¼{®IÊ\o¬J settlement «Y«}¥i¥H±µ¨ü, ¦P®IÊ\·|ø·|«Y evenly ËÝ settle (§Y«Y¦¨¼l¼Ó¤@»ôËݦV¤U¨I), ¦pªG¯u«Y¦n even ËÝ settle, µ²ºc¤W«YµL°ÝÃD¬[ (¤ñÂı׶ð´N«Y¤@Ó¦n¦¨¥\¬J¥¢±Ñ¨Ò¤l)¡C
III. Influence to the surrounding area ¦Ü©ó¹ï¹jÂ÷¦³«§¼vÅT´N¯u«Y¦n¼s¦Æ, ÓÓ site ³£ø¦P, §ÚÅ¥¹Lo¬J¦³; a. ¶g³ò¦³d ¥j«ؿvª«, ËÝ¥´¼Îo¬J®ÉÔ´Nø¥i¥H¾_±o¤Ó«l, ¼o¨Æ¾_¶ËÊ\Ø{ (Vibration Control ) ; b. §A¥´¼Îo¬J®ÉÔ, ©â¤ô¦Ó³y¦¨¬J water draw down ¹ïªþªño¬J settlement (set1, set2, set3) ¤Sø¥i¥H¤Ó«l (©â¤ô«Y¬°¥ª¥O¤ô¦ì°¦Ü§AÓ site working platform ¥H¤U, µ¥§Aø¾pÀãâuâuËݤu§@, ¦P®In©ñ¾÷¾¹); c. ¦pªGÓsite o«Y¥«°Ï, ËÝ building regulations ¤S¸Ü§A¨C¤é¥´¼Îø¥i¥H¶W¹L¤TÓÄÁ(Àô«O!!!, ¦Ã¬V!!!), ¬P´Á¤é¤Sø¤ñ¥´, Á`¤§´N¦h¦h¨î°Õ¡Cd. ¤Ó¹Ë¤S¸Üø±oØ{ (Noise Control)
Part. B Construction of Piles
»´äÃö©óbuilding o¬J¤uµ{¤@¯ë³£·|¿ï¥Î¨âºØ¼Î, ¤@ºØ´N«YDriven 'H' Pile, ¥t¤@ºØ´N¥s°µ Large Diameter Pile, §Ú¦Ó®a©OÓ site ´N¥Îºò Driven 'H' Pile (Pile ÓÀY·|¥ý«d¦y¥ª¥ý, Ëݼ˥i¥H¥O§Ú¦a¥´¼Î·Ç½Td ¦P®I©ö¥´¤J¦a©³ d) ¦P®I«Y¥Îºò soil skin friction ¾¤ provide Ó vertical support force o¬J¡C
©OÓproject ©Ò¥Î¬J 'H' Pile «Y 305 x 305 x 180 o¬JSteel 'H' Section, Construction o¬J®ÉÔ´N¦n²³æ, ´N«Y¥Î³¡¥s°µ Hydraulic hammer (fig.1, fig2, fig3) o¬J¾÷¦º©RËݼÎÊ\¤J¦a©³»Ý¬J¦ì¸m (Piling ©l°Ê¥i¬Ý¬Ý³oùØ), ËÝ·íµM, ©OÓ¥@¬É´NµLÉA´X¥i¤ñ§Aݯ¨ìd 4~50 m o¬J¤u¦rÅK¬[¹À, ¥ò¦³, §A¥´¼Î¬J®ÉÔ³£µL¥i¯à¼l°_±ø³¥¦¨´X¤Qm °ªËÝ¥´, °µªk¥u¦³¨âºØ; ¤@«Y¥´¤@ºIweld ¤@ºI, ¤@«Y´N weld ¤@ºI¥´¤@ºI (Á¿¯º ^_^, ¦Ü©óÂI weld ´No«Ywelding ùر·|¸Ô²Ó¤Ö¤ÖËݤ¶²Ð)¡C¦ý«Y¦³®É±ø Pile ·|¼Î¼Î¤U¹J¨ìd Border, ³Ì³Â·Ðo¬J±¡ªp«Y¤@¥b½ò¦í, ¤@¥b¤SµL, ËÝ´N·|¥O¤äpile ¥´¥´¤U¶É°¼¥ª, Ä~ÄòËÝ¥´´N¦³¾÷·|¥´Ãa¤ä¼Î; °£¦¹¤§¥~, ¦³®É¤ä¼Î¤S·|µL°Õ°Õ damage ¥ª, ¨Ò¦p buckle ¥ªËÝ, ©Od fail ¥ªo¬J¼Î´Nn©Þµf¥X¾¤¦A¥´¹L (©Od ´N·|o«Y"jet µf±ø¼Î¥X¾¤" ùر·|¦A¸Ô²Ó¤¶²Ð)¡CËÝo«YÃhºÃ¦a©³¦³Border ¬J±¡ªp¤§¤U§Ú¦a´N·|o«Y¸¨ pile o¬J¦a¤è¥ý¥´bore hole, ±Nd border Æp¬ïÊ\, µ¥§Ú¦a¤ä¤u¦rø©È¦A¹J¨ì³â (©Od ¤S·|o«Y"¥´bore hole" ùر¸Ô²Ó¤¶²Ð¬[³â)¡C
¦³d ®ÉÔ, §Ú¦ajet µf¥X¾¤ªG±ø¼Î¥i¯à·|Â_¥ª, §Ú¦a´N»Ýn§ïdesign, o«Yªþªñ¥´µf±ø pile , ËݬJµM©O±øø±o, ªþªñ³£À³¸Óø±o¬[³â, ©Ò¥H¤@©w·|o«Y¹jÂ÷¥´µfÓ bore hole, ¥ý¦Ü¥´¼Î¡C
¨ì³Ì«á, ËÝÂI¼Ë´ú¸Õ¤ä¼Î«Y«}ok ©O, Ëݥѩó contractor ¦n°¦h¥j´b³¥, Ê\¦a¤ä¼Î¤J¥ª´X²`«YÊ\¦a¸Ü¬JoªÌ, ¦P®I´Nºâ¤ä¼Î¤J±o°÷²`, ³£ø¥NªíÊ\¥i¥H¤ñ¨ì¨¬°÷o¬J¤O§Ú¦a, ¥i¯à¦³ damage¡Bªd¼h¤¤¦³d unknown o¬J¨Æ±¡µo¥Í¥ª(¼²¥ªUndefined Diving Object??), ©Ò¥H§Ú¦a·|°µ¤TÓ test, PDA test (Pile Driving Analyzer), Loading test, ¦P®I¥ÎDynamic Pile Driving Formulae (¸Ô±¡¤S¥i¥H¥h"Pile test" ªG«×Ú»Ú»), °µ©Od test ´N¥i¥HÀ°§Ú¦a´ú¥X±ø¼Î¨s³º¹ê»Ú¤W¦³´X±j, ©OÓ¥ý¦Ü«Y§Ú¦a¨¬° Structural Engineer ©Òconcern o¬J³¥ (©O¥y³¥«Y«}¦n¦ü¦nbrand ËÝ©O^_^)¡C
Ëݦܩó¥t¤@ºØ¼Î, §Ú©OÓ¦a½L´NµL±oÚ»³â, ¦ý«Y§ÚªüÀY´N¸Ü, ¤U¦¸§Ú¸¨¥h¨F¥ÐªGÓ¦a½L´N¦³¾÷·|¨£¨ì³â¡C
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